Koo injured his lower back and right hip during Korea Republic's 1-1 draw with Australia in Brisbane on Saturday.
For precautionary reasons, Koo will return to his Bundesliga club, team officials said.
This was Koo's first international match since the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia - and his first under head coach Paulo Bento.
Koo got the starting nod but hurt his back and hip in the closing moments of the first half. Team officials said Koo's injury isn't serious but they didn't want to aggravate his condition.
For Bento's first two matches in September, Koo was not considered for the team because he was still recovering from a knee injury. Koo was selected for Korea Republic's next two matches in October but was later dropped due to a kidney infection.
Koo's departure will leave Bento with 23 players. Before the team traveled to Australia, defender Kim Moon-hwan and forward Hwang Hee-chan were dropped from the squad with injuries of their own.
Korea Republic will be aiming to get back to winning ways against Uzbekistan in what is a clash between two teams preparing for the AFC Asian Cup UAE 2019.
The Taeguek Warriors are undefeated in the five friendlies they have played since Bento took charge but have drawn their last two ties - against Panama and Australia.
Korea Republic will play in Group C at the AFC Asian Cup UAE 2019 against China PR, Philippines and Kyrgyz Republic.
Sources: Yonhap, socceroos.com.au
